European Journal of Maritime Research

Cyber Risk Awareness and Management: How Mature are French Ports Regarding Cybersecurity?

Charles H. Fredouet — 2025-05-10

Although growing operational automation and informational integration are having a positive impact on ports’ competitiveness, they come with increased cyber risks. Fed by data collected from 18 French ports’ websites and associated internet sources, a study has been conducted to assess these ports’ level of cyber risk awareness and identify their possible cybersecurity initiatives. Results show that the sampled ports are still on their way towards full cyber risk awareness and global cyber risk management, but they are making significant progress in the right direction.

Electric Vehicle Import/Export Flows in Maritime Ports: Are Local Stakeholders Monitoring their Arrival?

Charles Henri Fredouet — 2024-11-11

Within the global climate change risk mitigation frame, automotive OEMs are progressively replacing ICE-powered cars with electric vehicles in their model ranges. This strategic move is deeply impacting every level of their supply chains, including maritime ports. To shed some light, in the absence of relevant academic literature, on how closely local stakeholders are monitoring this evolution, multiple port authorities’ and logistic service providers’ institutional websites, as well as auto industry-related web sources, have been browsed (Q4 2023), looking for comments on the arrival of electric vehicles in North American and European auto ports. Study shows that contexts differ from one region to another, even from one port/one stakeholder group to another, leading to various attitudes ranging from spontaneous early movers to hyper-cautious followers.

Basic Study for Grasping the Human Gaze Movement of a Remoting-Ship Operator

Kenichi Kitamura — 2024-07-10

Our research focuses on understanding the disparity in risk perception when operating maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) between onboard and through screens. In our initial step, we conducted experiments using a ship simulator, involving 4 students aspiring to be navigators. They navigated through screens and participated in debriefing sessions. Human gaze movement was utilized to ascertain the ability to comprehend navigational risks solely through observation. Simultaneously, salivary alpha-amylase samples were taken to verify their accurate risk cognition. The key finding indicates that human gaze movement aids in precisely understanding navigational risks, suggesting the feasibility of future ship operations through screens. Our research targets navigators crucial in global logistics, aiming to enhance safety in remote ship operations by demonstrating that risk cognition is achievable through human gaze movement. This breakthrough is vital for the evolving realm of MASS operations.

Cruise Port Market Positioning: Making the Case for Including Societal and Environmental Risk Mitigation Strategies

Charles H. Fredouet — 2023-12-28

Port Authorities (PAs) are now paying growing attention to the social and environmental risks stemming from their cruise activities. Several of these ports are engaged in a structured and for some already long-standing, approach to reducing the negative externalities of cruise ship calls. However, the content analysis of 36 Port Authorities’ websites showed that very few of them report on such action plans. Based on the review of the literature dealing with PAs’ market positioning approaches, the purpose of this paper is to promote the opportunity and feasibility for PAs to disseminate information about their past, ongoing, and/or future actions supporting sustainable cruise tourism.

Identifying Maritime Ports’ Investment Drivers: The Case of French Local and Regional Ports

Charles H. Fredouet — 2023-02-20

Ports play an essential role in the production and distribution processes of companies, as well as in the organizations set up by logistics and transportation service providers. But ports are also likely to have to contribute to the development of the territories they are part of. This paper aims at knowing more about how this double challenge impacts the investments made by local and regional ports. To this end, seventeen individual websites and three collective websites of French ports have been surveyed. Results show that the sampled ports and groups of ports have for the most part properly adjusted both to the constraints posed by the public authorities and to the needs and expectations of their current and potential customers.